Este estudo investigou práticas educativas de pais e educadores sociais e estratégias de coping adotadas por crianças abrigadas. Participaram da pesquisa 20 crianças, entre sete e 11 anos. Elas responderam a duas entrevistas, que objetivavam identificar práticas educativas e problemas nos ambientes ..

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 In this article, we will look at the political philosophical theories of Brian Barry ( Culture and Equality , 2001) and Chandran Kukathas ( The Liberal Archipelago , 2003) and see which consequences both theories have for the Belgian model of church and state. For both authors, the liberal state should be neutral toward religion but they interpret this neutrality in a different way. According to Kukathas, neutrality implies a hands-off policy and therefore, recognizing (...) and financing religions is out of the question. For Barry on the other hand, the state is neutral if equal people have equal opportunities. Consequently, state support for religions and even the recognition of religions is possible, if religions are treated in the same way. However, a hands-off policy is also in line with Barry’s theory. Both from a pragmatic and from a normative point of view, Barry’s egalitarian liberalism seems the most interesting theory as an inspiring source for the evolvement and modification of the Belgian system, towards more fairness and equality. (shrink)

Starting dialysis at an advanced age is a clinical challenge and an ethical dilemma. The advantages of starting dialysis at “extreme” ages are questionable as high dialysis-related morbidity induces a reflection on the cost- benefit ratio of this demanding and expensive treatment in a person that has a short life expectancy. Where clinical advantages are doubtful, ethical analysis can help us reach decisions and find adapted solutions. Mr. H is a ninety-year-old patient with end-stage kidney disease that is no longer (...) manageable with conservative care, in spite of optimal nutritional management, good blood pressure control and strict clinical and metabolic evaluations; dialysis is the next step, but its morbidity is challenging. The case is analysed according to principlism (beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and respect for autonomy). In the setting of care, dialysis is available without restriction; therefore the principle of justice only partially applied, in the absence of restraints on health-care expenditure. The final decision on whether or not to start dialysis rested with Mr. H (respect for autonomy). However, his choice depended on the balance between beneficence and non-maleficence. The advantages of dialysis in restoring metabolic equilibrium were clear, and the expected negative effects of dialysis were therefore decisive. Mr. H has a contraindication to peritoneal dialysis (severe arthritis impairing self-performance) and felt performing it with nursing help would be intrusive. Post dialysis fatigue, poor tolerance, hypotension and intrusiveness in daily life of haemodialysis patients are closely linked to the classic thrice-weekly, four-hour schedule. A personalized incremental dialysis approach, starting with one session per week, adapting the timing to the patient’s daily life, can limit side effects and “dialysis shock”. An individualized approach to complex decisions such as dialysis start can alter the delicate benefit/side-effect balance, ultimately affecting the patient’s choice, and points to a narrative, tailor-made approach as an alternative to therapeutic nihilism, in very old and fragile patients. (shrink)

This research aimed to examine the relationship between the activeness in participating at student’s organization and interpersonal competence on college students. Subjects were students from Tarumanagara University (N = 156). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation test. The result shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between the activeness in participating at student’s organization and interpersonal competence on college students.  .

Organ trafficking is officially banned in several countries and by the main Nephrology Societies. However, this practice is widespread and is allowed or tolerated in many countries, hence, in the absence of a universal law, the caregiver may be asked for advice, placing him/her in a difficult balance between legal aspects, moral principles and ethical judgments.In spite of the Istanbul declaration, which is a widely shared position statement against organ trafficking, the controversy on mercenary organ donation is still open and (...) some experts argue against taking a negative stance. In the absence of clear evidence showing the clinical disadvantages of mercenary transplantation compared to chronic dialysis, self-determination of the patient may conflict with other ethical principles, first of all non-maleficence. The present paper was drawn up with the participation of the students, as part of the ethics course at our medical school. It discusses the situation in which the physician acts as a counselor for the patient in the way of a sort of “reverse” informed consent, in which the patient asks advice regarding a complex personal decision, and includes a peculiar application of the four principles to the donor and recipient parties. (shrink)

Paula Modersohn-Becker, widely considered to have been one of the most important independent Expressionist painters of the early twentieth century, was thirty-one years old when she gave birth to her first child. Following the then-common practice of putting women to bed rest for two-four weeks after delivery, she died of massive pulmonary embolism when she was first allowed to stand, eighteen days after giving birth. Paula had foreseen her death at a young age and was apprehensive about her pregnancy, yet (...) she painted herself as pregnant in her best known self-portrait, thus underlining the importance of the pregnancy in her life. In the light of knowledge available at the time, the authors present a brief discussion of the life and death of Paula Modersohn-Becker as a reflection on the potential dangers of blindly following conventional wisdom in the medical profession. (shrink)

O artigo tece considerações sobre a relação entre psicologia e gestão, apresentando a contribuição que a leitura sobre o cotidiano oferece para compreender o trabalho, os processos que o organizam e, conseqüentemente, a sua gestão. Ilustra suas considerações com a análise de um episódio ocorrido em ..

The cross-cultural survey presented here examines the attitudes towards business ethics of Finnish and American business students from the Southern states. The findings indicate that the differences between the attitudes of these groups are small and essentially linked to the strength of their position. Both see deliberation on moral issues as part of a business manager's job and believe that managers should participate in the solving of social problems. Both Finns and Americans make a distinction between acting legally and ethically, (...) and both endorse cultural relativism. (shrink)

Fear to contamination is an easy-to-provoke, intense, hard-to-control, and extraordinarily persistent fear. A worsening of preexisting psychiatric disorders was observed during the COVID-19 outbreak, and several studies suggest that those with obsessive–compulsive disorder may be more affected than any other group of people. In the face of worsening OCD symptoms, there is a need for mental health professionals to provide the support needed not only to treat patients who still report symptoms, but also to improve relapse prevention. In this line, (...) it is recommended to improve alternative strategies such as online consultations and digital psychiatry. The aim of this study is to develop augmented reality stimuli that are clinically relevant for patients with cleaning OCD and assess their efficiency to obtain emotionally significant responses. Four AR stimuli were developed: a plastic bag full of garbage, a piece of bread with mold, a dirty sports shoe, and a piece of rotten meat. All stimuli were shown to a clinical group and a control group. Relevant results were the design of the AR stimuli. These stimuli were validated with the statistical difference in perceived anxiety in the meat stimuli between the clinical and control groups. Nevertheless, when looking at effect sizes, all stimuli present effect sizes from small to large, with both shoe and bread between small and medium effect sizes. These results are a valuable support for the clinical use of these AR stimuli in the treatment of cleaning OCD. (shrink)

La investigación realiza un diagnóstico a 17 micro y pequeñas empresas (Mypes) afiliadas a la Asociación de Micro y Pequeños Empresarios de Montería, Colombia, aplicando una encuesta para evaluar el desarrollo de los procesos en atención a la Norma Técnica Colombiana 6001:2017. Los resultados del análisis de varianza evidencian que se orientan más en los procesos de apoyo a corto plazo, como la gestión comercial, descuidando el mejoramiento de los procesos de desarrollo de productos, el crecimiento a mediano y largo (...) plazo, el conocimiento del entorno, concluyendo que las Mypes tienen debilidades en la gestión de los procesos esos procesos. (shrink)

En este trabajo indago sobre la actualidad de la Ilustración en relación con la modernidad, la idea de historia y el lenguaje. Examino la construcción historiográfica de la Ilustración para distinguir los tópicos que caracterizan las rupturas y las continuidades en las sucesivas interpretaciones. Posteriormente, analizo la cuestión en el contexto del debate entre modernidad y posmodernidad. Finalmente, formulo la pregunta sobre la Ilustración en relación con las posibilidades de la filosofía de la historia y con el lenguaje. Se concluye (...) la necesidad de recuperar la filosofía de la historia como legado de la Ilustración, y se plantea cómo podría efectuarse tal recuperación. (shrink)

This research uses a survey to analyze types of benefits sought by partners in cross-sector collaborations in Spain and to test and build upon theories that indicate prior collaboration experience and partner alignment will positively affect value creation through the collaboration. Using exploratory factor analysis to operationalize a broad range of potential benefits into more specific concepts, the results of this study identify distinct factors that characterize the types of benefits sought by non-profit organizations and businesses engaged in cross-sector collaborations. (...) Findings show that prior experience and alignment positively affect each factor for value creation. Prior experience is also found to influence the type of benefits sought from cross-sector collaborations and to positively affect alignment in terms of mission and strategy. Unexpectedly, the study also finds that prior experience moderates the effect of alignment on value creation. (shrink)

In this project, we worked in partnership with school teachers who are frequent users of experimental kits available for loan to schools using the historical-investigative approach. The original kits bring a traditional approach to experimentation, without the presence of the history of science. We developed and implemented new guides to the kits, without changing their materials and instruments. Design-based research supports the development methodology; the school science topics covered in this paper are Joseph Black’s studies on latent and specific heat. (...) Although some of the challenges faced in the implementation of historical-investigative approach are known and well-documented, the present article addresses teachers’ perspectives and some of the problems they faced in the implementation process, most of them related to school and teacher working conditions. Even though this is a case study with a small number of schools and teachers, it is possible to say that there is a huge gap to overcome before the historical-investigative approach can be implemented in large scale. (shrink)

This book focuses on the financing of religions, examining some European church-state models, using a philosophical methodology. The work defends autonomy-based liberalism and elaborates how this liberalism can meet the requirements of liberal neutrality. The chapters also explore religious education and the financing of institutionalized religion. This volume collates the work of top scholars in the field. Starting from the idea that autonomy-based liberalism is an adequate framework for the requirement of liberal neutrality, the author elaborates why a liberal state (...) can support religions and how she should do this, without violating the principle of neutrality. Taking into account the principle of religious freedom and the separation of church and state, this work explores which criteria the state should take into account when she actively supports religions, faith-based schools and religious education. A number of concrete church-state models, including hands-off, religious accommodation and the state church are evaluated, and the book gives some recommendations in order to optimize those church-state models, where needed. Practitioners and scholars of politics, law, philosophy and education, especially religious education, will find this work of particular interest as it has useful guidelines on policies and practices, as well as studies of church-state models. (shrink)

El reto de todas las sociedades, tanto a nivel de lo que se ha denominado formación (Bildung) como de lo que constituye la institucionalización jurídico-política, es el problema del mal que se concretiza a la manera de la banalización y destrucción de la humanidad misma. La filosofía práctica kantiana asume este desafío y plantea un proyecto ético-político que pasa a través de lo pedagógico y estético. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una exploración en torno a las posibilidades de (...) configuración moral y jurídica de tos sujetos a partir de los planteamientos kantianos, contrastándolas con la dificultad permanente que para ellas representa el mal radical. Para esto se procederá a través de cuatro apartados. El primero versará sobre los presupuestos antropológicos o rasgos humanos que se convierten en condición de posibilidad tanto de la moralización como de la normalización. El segundo tendrá como tema la legislación ético-moral ahondando en el concepto de autonomia. El tercero planteará la relación entre ética y política a través de lo jurídico para, finalmente, esbozar algunas conclusiones. (shrink)

A partir de la reforma penal ilustrada y el normativismo jurídico contemporáneo, las sociedades modernas han intentado valerse de una culpabilización útil y objetiva, en contraposición a ideas metafísicas y teológicas tradicionales de castigo. Sin embargo, la moralidad social que subyace y acompaña la aplicación del Derecho penal está atravesada por motivos premodernos e intereses técnicos y económicos que han hecho de la racionalidad culpabilizadora un ejercicio complejo; entretejido con nociones como maldad, ejemplaridad, seguridad, control y productividad. El objetivo de (...) este ensayo es entonces mostrar el relativismo de la culpabilidad en las sociedades securitarias actuales y sus avatares en medio de la tensión dada entre poderes legales e ilegales y doctrinas neoliberales y neoconservadoras. (shrink)

This paper puts forward Wabi-Sabi aesthetics as one possible philosophical anchor for museum exhibits that focus less on beauty as perfection and more on beauty that reveals the imperfect nature of life and serves as a guide to joyful living. There is a growing trend in contemporary museums to feature not the usual paintings and sculptures, but crafts traditionally looked upon as objects for the hobbyist, not the artist. The mixed reactions from the art world show that this new practice (...) requires a philosophy of beauty that, to begin with, did not look for the beautiful in that which is perfect as inspired by the Platonic ideals. The philosophy of Wabi-Sabis founded on the metaphysics of Buddhism, is here offered as one such foundation, questioning the idea of beauty and art, and blurring the distinctions between art and lift, as well as between art and crafts. (shrink)

Considerando retrospectivamente os desdobramentos da filosofia, é possível observar que, antes de reconhecer e reafirmar as singularidades de seu exercício, o discurso filosófico tem sua origem intimamente associada à poesia. Evidenciando alguns momentos de cisão e outros momentos de contato entre o discurso poético e o discurso filosófico, o presente ensaio visa abordar e refletir sobre o diálogo entre esses dois discursos ao longo do tempo. Nesse horizonte, consideraremos estrategicamente os trabalhos de autores como Homero, Platão, Goethe, F. Schlegel e (...) Schelling, a fim de evidenciar as oscilações e salientar alguns movimentos específicos dentro desse longo diálogo. (shrink)

El sector empresarial en Colombia ha experimentado procesos tales como la globalización, la pandemia del covid-19, reformas tributarias, qué articulados dan como resultados excesiva competencia, incertidumbre y crisis en términos económicos y a esto no se escapa los emprendedores culturales del municipio de Montería. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo del presente trabajo investigativo apunta a analizar el potencial que tienen las unidades de negocios de carácter cultural para generar alternativas de desarrollo local.

Prompted by Heidegger’s search for great art in the modern times, this paper looks into crafts as answering the philosopher’s frustrated call. Using Soetsu Yanagi’s idea of a “religion of beauty,” which turns to the ordinary as beautiful, it suggests that crafts—carefully made by hand while considering its affinity with nature and the human body that uses it—is a way of being, the way Heidegger described the way of “dwelling poetically.”.

The philosophical musings in this article are inspired by Laura Esquivel’s multimedia novel, The Law of Love, set in a world of high-end technological gadgets in the 23rd century where people are aware that their lives are governed by the law of karma. The reflections try to show that although sophisticated technology might be able to help in tracking one’s spiritual growth in many ways, in the long run it will only hamper the true evolution of the soul.

Contrary to Austin's view that a fanciful use of language, like poetry, does not carry illocutionary acts and is therefore "parasitic," the author follows through C. Carroll Hollis' work in showing that poets use illocutionary acts in a certain way that may be studied meaningfully, thereby making a speech act a form of literary criticism. She does this by applying the categories of speech acts in her study of some of the love poems of a Filipino poet, Dr. Elynia Mabanglo. (...) In the end, she shows that even though the poet does not use language in what Austin refers to as the "normal" sense, the mimetic character of certain poetry does allow the use and fulfillment of illocutionary acts. (shrink)

HOLANDA, Maria Júlia Batista de. Consciência espiritual no ato docente . 2014. Dissertação , Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF.

In the broadest sense of the term, “Thomism” refers to a set of ideas and principles, both in philosophy and theology that can be considered as derivations or representations of the thought of Thomas Aquinas. However, Thomism should not be considered as a mere conceptual body. It also represents a certain view and way of doing philosophy and theology. Alasdair MacIntyre, in his book Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry, argues that the Thomistic approach provides a coherent and skillful point (...) of view for dealing creatively and critically with opposing views, contrasting this approach with the encyclopedic and the genealogical approaches. The former imposes a single worldview, enclosing knowledge and “truth” in a monolithic structure of “progress,” while the latter, following Nietzsche, devalues and relativizes knowledge, reducing it to a multiplicity of perspectives, each with its own claims to truth, leading to incommensurability and the consequent subjugation of “truth” to the law of the strongest. On the other hand, Thomists have adopted, from the end of the thirteenth century to the present day, different styles and ways of thinking while maintaining dialogue with their “predecessors” and at the same time with their contemporaries, that is, Thomists are capable of what MacIntyre called the “rationality of tradition”. (shrink)

The epoch of Augustine is marked by several crises that settled in the Roman society. These crises did not escape from the sharp look of Saint Augustine. He showed how the political action of his contemporaries was something excessively ineffective to answer the wishes of a fair society, integrated by several people and races. This society, that had conquered in history, with mistakes and cleverness, power and glory, booth in the field of science and technology, for itself, the ways that (...) make sure to its citizens a prosper life, gradually succumbed. Thus, this article aims to exposes to the reader some aspects experienced by this society and make note that when policy is practiced by men who possess as premises the power and his own advantages, there is no richness or organization that will sustain such state or nation. (shrink)

Jean Hamburger is considered the founder of the concept of medical intensive care and the first to propose the name Nephrology for the branch of medicine dealing with kidney diseases. One of the first kidney grafts in the world, in 1953, and the first dialysis session in France, in 1955, were performed under his guidance. His achievements as a writer were at least comparable: Hamburger was awarded several important literary prizes, including prix Femina, prix Balzac and the Cino del Duca (...) prize, awarded, among others, to Jorge Luis Borges and Konrad Lorenz.Here we would like to offer a selected reading of a “golden” book, “Conseils aux étudiants en medicine de mon service”, the first book dedicated to patient-physician relationship in Nephrology, written when dialysis and transplantation were becoming clinical options. The themes include: the central role of the patient, who should be known by name, profession, life style, and not by disease; the importance of the setting of the care; the need for truth-telling and for leaving hope; the role of research not only in the progression of science, but also in the daily clinical practice. (shrink)

Jean Hamburger (1909--1992) is considered the founder of the concept of medical intensive care (reanimation medicale) and the first to propose the name Nephrology for the branch of medicine dealing with kidney diseases. One of the first kidney grafts in the world (with short-term success), in 1953, and the first dialysis session in France, in 1955, were performed under his guidance. His achievements as a writer were at least comparable: Hamburger was awarded several important literary prizes, including prix Femina, prix (...) Balzac and the Cino del Duca prize (1979), awarded, among others, to Jorge Luis Borges and Konrad Lorenz.Here we would like to offer a selected reading of a "golden" book, "Conseils aux etudiants en medicine de mon service" ("Advice to the Medical Students in my Service"), the first book dedicated to patient-physician relationship in Nephrology, written when dialysis and transplantation were becoming clinical options (1963). The themes include: the central role of the patient, who should be known by name, profession, life style, and not by disease; the importance of the setting of the care; the need for truth-telling and for leaving hope; the role of research not only in the progression of science, but also in the daily clinical practice. (shrink)

French philosopher Helene Cixous stressed the importance of feminine writing. She believes that women should take part in sharing their experiences from their own novel points-of-view. We discuss that while pregnancy is an experience unique to women, it has been misappropriated by patriarchal structures throughout the years. The pregnancy bump, which is more than just evidence of the uterus stretching to accommodate the fetus, is a symbol of a woman's triumphs and struggles all throughout conception, pregnancy, and childbirth. We show (...) that women have already gone beyond the bump and challenged existing patriarchal systems through different means, as Cixous has enjoined women to do. With this, it is asserted that the philosophy of pregnancy be reconceived as well, in order to escape existing boundaries that constrict the discourse to ethical issues of rape, abortion, and medical interventions, making it face issues that surround women's experience of pregnancy, as well as deeper meanings the pregnant body itself represents. (shrink)

Frente a la objetivación excesiva de la culpabilidad que ha implicado la juridización de los procesos penales (marco legal, imputación, tribunal, juicio público y condena), este artículo se propone reivindicar la importancia de la experiencia vivida y subjetiva de la culpa como sentimiento fundante para una reorientación de la acción. Con ello se busca enfatizar el carácter imprescindible de la convicción subjetiva para los procesos de justicia y reparación. Esto se mostrará usando una metodología fenomenológico-hermenéutica (Ricoeur) que permita analizar la (...) configuración de la conciencia moral como fruto de la tensión entre imputación-culpa y responsabilidad; para, finalmente, concluir la necesidad de pasar de la culpabilidad como remordimiento a la responsabilidad frente al otro y al futuro, la delimitación de lo que está en las propias manos y el carácter subjetivo de la responsabilidad so pena de una simulación moral.AbstractIn regards to the excessive objectification of guilt that has resulted from the juridization of criminal proceedings (legal framework, indictment, court, public trial and sentencing), this paper aims to assert the importance of the subjective experience of guilt as the basis for reorienting action. The goal is to emphasize the essential nature of subjective conviction for the processes of justice and redress. To show this, a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology(Ricoeur) is used. This approach makes it possible to analyze the configuration of moral conscience as the result of the tension between indictment-guilt and responsibility. Finally, the authors conclude that it is necessary to move from experiencing guilt as remorse to experiencing it as responsibility toward others and toward the future. Individuals should be aware of what is in their own hands and the subjective character of responsibility in order to avoid moral simulation. (shrink)

El reto de todas las sociedades, tanto a nivel de lo que se ha denominado formación (Bildung) como de lo que constituye la institucionalización jurídico-política, es el problema del mal que se concretiza a la manera de la banalización y destrucción de la humanidad misma. La filosofía práctica kantiana asume este desafío y plantea un proyecto ético-político que pasa a través de lo pedagógico y estético. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una exploración en torno a las posibilidades de (...) configuración moral y jurídica de tos sujetos a partir de los planteamientos kantianos, contrastándolas con la dificultad permanente que para ellas representa el mal radical. Para esto se procederá a través de cuatro apartados. El primero versará sobre los presupuestos antropológicos o rasgos humanos que se convierten en condición de posibilidad tanto de la moralización como de la normalización. El segundo tendrá como tema la legislación ético-moral ahondando en el concepto de autonomia. El tercero planteará la relación entre ética y política a través de lo jurídico para, finalmente, esbozar algunas conclusiones. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la actualidad de la crítica epicúreaa las supersticiones morales, específicamente aquellas relacionadas conla culpabilidad y, con esta, la depuración de algunos obstáculos paralograr la felicidad terrena. Para ello se hace el análisis de varios aspectosclaves de la ética de Epicuro: Ethos y physis; Ética del deseo; Culpa ycorporeidad; Resistencia in situ; Moral de la amistad; Política y justicia;Culpa y temporalidad. La metodología es fundamentalmente hermenéuticay genealógica (Foucault) dado el análisis textual y la mirada (...) crítica quebusca recuperar la resistencia epicúrea como perspectiva fecunda para laelaboración de una ética anti-capitalista en el contexto moderno. (shrink)

Resumo: Na contemporaneidade, observa-se grande prevalência de enfermidades crônicas sem possibilidade de cura, que se acompanham de significativa redução da qualidade de vida do paciente. Os cuidados paliativos têm como finalidade proporcionar ao paciente conforto físico e emocional na terminalidade da vida. Em momentos em que os CP são negligenciados de alguma forma e deixam de ser exercidos de maneira plena, pode ocorrer a prática da distanásia – procedimentos que apenas prolongam o processo de morrer. A reflexão de Emmanuel Lévinas (...) é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento do projeto de uma Primeira Filosia, a qual aborda nova compreensão da subjetividade humana pela valoriza­ção da ética em detrimento da ontologia fundamental. Esse projeto tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de responsabilidade em Emmanuel Lévinas e sua aplicação no estudo dos limites dos cuidados paliativos para que se evite procedimentos médicos distanásicos. Palavras-chave: Bioethics. Social Responsibility. Palliative Care. End-Life Care. Physician-patient relations. (shrink)